Clinical and Molecular Characteristics and Outcome of Cystic Partially Differentiated Nephroblastoma and Cystic Nephroma: A Narrative Review of the Literature

Sophie E van Peer, Corine J H Pleijte, Ronald R de Krijger, Marjolijn C J Jongmans, Roland P Kuiper, Marc R Lilien, Martine van Grotel, Norbert Graf, Marry M van den Heuvel-Eibrink, Janna A Hol

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

13 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

In children presenting with a predominantly cystic renal tumor, the most likely diagnoses include cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma (CPDN) and cystic nephroma (CN). Both entities are rare and limited information on the clinical and molecular characteristics, treatment, and outcome is available since large cohort studies are lacking. We performed an extensive literature review, in which we identified 113 CPDN and 167 CN. The median age at presentation for CPDN and CN was 12 months (range: 3 weeks-4 years) and 16 months (prenatal diagnosis-16 years), respectively. No patients presented with metastatic disease. Bilateral disease occurred in both entities. Surgery was the main treatment for both. Two/113 CPDN patients and 26/167 CN patients had previous, concomitant, or subsequent other tumors. Unlike CPDN, CN was strongly associated with somatic (n = 27/29) and germline (n = 12/12) DICER1-mutations. Four CPDN patients and one CN patient relapsed. Death was reported in six/103 patients with CPDN and six/118 CN patients, none directly due to disease. In conclusion, children with CPDN and CN are young, do not present with metastases, and have an excellent outcome. Awareness of concomitant or subsequent tumors and genetic testing is important. International registration of cystic renal tumor cohorts is required to enable a better understanding of clinical and genetic characteristics.

Original languageEnglish
Article number997
Pages (from-to)1-18
Number of pages18
JournalCancers
Volume13
Issue number5
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 27 Feb 2021

Keywords

  • CN
  • CPDN
  • Cystic nephroma
  • Cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma
  • Pediatric
  • Renal tumor

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