Cyclin D1 is not an immediate target of β-catenin following Apc loss in the intestine

Cyclin D1 is postulated to be a target of the canonical Wnt pathway and critical for intestinal adenoma development. We show here that, unlike cyclin D1 reporter assays, endogenous cyclin D1 levels are not affected following antagonism of the Wnt pathway in vitro, nor is cyclin D1 immediately up-regulated following conditional loss of Apc in vivo. Cyclin D1 levels do, however, increase in a delayed manner in a small subset of cells, suggesting such up-regulation occurs as a secondary event. We also analyzed the immediate consequences of Ape loss in a cyclin D1^-/- background and failed to find any cyclin D1-dependent phenotypes. However, we did observe elevated cyclin D1 expression in lesions developing 20 days after Ape loss. In these circumstances, all adenomas (but not smaller lesions) showed cyclin D1 up-regulation. Finally in a smaller study, we analyzed whether cyclin D1 deficiency affected adenoma formation 20 days following induced loss of Apc. Unlike Ah-Cre⁺ Apc^fl/fl mice (which all developed adenomas), doubly mutant AhCre⁺ Apc^fl/fl cyclin D1 ^-/- mice only developed small lesions. Taken together, this argues that cyclin D1 up-regulation in intestinal neoplasia is important for tumor progression rather than initiation.