Non-Infectious Uveitis Secondary to Dupilumab Treatment in Atopic Dermatitis Patients Shows a Pro-Inflammatory Molecular Profile

Severe uveitis is a rare complication of interleukin-4 receptor alpha blocking by dupilumab in topic dermatitis (AD) patients. The aim of this study was to describe five moderate-to-severe AD patients who developed uveitis during dupilumab treatment and to compare the proteomic profile of aqueous humor (AqH) of dupilumab-associated uveitis (n=3/5 available samples) with non-infectious uveitis (n=27) and cataract controls (n=11). Included patients were treated at the University Medical Center Utrecht (the Netherlands). Active dupilumab-associated uveitis complicated by serous detachment, cystoid macular edema, or secondary glaucoma developed within a median of 6.0 months (interquartile range 2.3-16.5 months) after starting dupilumab. Uveitis resolved after discontinuation of dupilumab and/or treatment with local or systemic corticosteroids. Proteomic profiling of AqH revealed that the molecular profile of dupilumab-associated uveitis resembled that of non-infectious uveitis. In conclusion, dupilumab-associated uveitis is a severe adverse event of dupilumab therapy, requiring urgent referral to an ophthalmologist.