Pharmacokinetics of parenteral 13‐cis‐retinoic acid formulations in rats

The pharmacokinetics of three 13‐cis‐retinoic acid formulations were studied after intraperitoneal (ip) administration to rats. Rats were given ip injections of 2.5 mg of 13‐cis‐retinoic acid per 360 g of body weight; the drug was administered as an alkaline solution, suspended in corn oil, or as a mixture with polysorbate 80. The alkaline solution was also given intravenously (iv) via the tail vein as a control. The mean elimination rate constant, calculated from data from iv administration, was 0.72 ± 0.088 h⁻¹ (r = 0.988). The peak concentration in plasma and the time to reach this maximum were 14 mg/L and 0.5 h, 22 mg/L and 2 h, and 10 mg/L and 1 h for the drug administered as an alkaline solution, suspended in corn oil, and as a mixture with polysorbate 80, respectively. The areas under the concentration‐time curve (concentration in plasma versus time) were 34.9 ± 8.78 mg · h/L for the iv dose and 34.1 ± 9.97, 62.4 ± 32.3, and 25.9 ± 12.0 mg · h/L for the ip doses of alkaline solution, suspension in oil, and mixture with polysorbate 80, respectively. Because of the rapid increase of concentration in plasma, which is identical to that of the iv profile, and the ease of its handling and preparation, the ip administered alkaline solution is the preferable formulation.