TY - JOUR
T1 - A Longitudinal Examination of the Persistence of Late Emerging Reading Disabilities
AU - Etmanskie, Jill M.
AU - Partanen, Marita
AU - Siegel, Linda S.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2014, © Hammill Institute on Disabilities 2014.
PY - 2016/1/1
Y1 - 2016/1/1
N2 - There are some children who encounter unexpected reading difficulties in the fourth grade. This phenomenon has been described as late emerging reading disabilities (LERD). Using Grade 4 as a starting point, this study examined the reading development of 964 children between kindergarten and Grade 7. The results showed that 72.0% of children had typical reading performance in Grade 4, whereas there was 0.7% with poor word reading, 12.6% with poor reading comprehension, 2.5% with poor word reading and comprehension, and 12.2% with borderline performance. We also showed that there were similar proportions of children who had early versus late emerging reading difficulties; however, most of the late emerging poor readers recovered by Grade 7. Furthermore, our study showed that poor comprehenders showed poorer performance than typical readers on word reading, pseudoword decoding, and spelling between Grade 1 and Grade 7 and poorer performance on a working memory task in kindergarten. Overall, this study showed that most children recover from late emerging reading problems and that working memory may be an early indicator for reading comprehension difficulties.
AB - There are some children who encounter unexpected reading difficulties in the fourth grade. This phenomenon has been described as late emerging reading disabilities (LERD). Using Grade 4 as a starting point, this study examined the reading development of 964 children between kindergarten and Grade 7. The results showed that 72.0% of children had typical reading performance in Grade 4, whereas there was 0.7% with poor word reading, 12.6% with poor reading comprehension, 2.5% with poor word reading and comprehension, and 12.2% with borderline performance. We also showed that there were similar proportions of children who had early versus late emerging reading difficulties; however, most of the late emerging poor readers recovered by Grade 7. Furthermore, our study showed that poor comprehenders showed poorer performance than typical readers on word reading, pseudoword decoding, and spelling between Grade 1 and Grade 7 and poorer performance on a working memory task in kindergarten. Overall, this study showed that most children recover from late emerging reading problems and that working memory may be an early indicator for reading comprehension difficulties.
KW - children
KW - late emerging
KW - longitudinal
KW - reading comprehension
KW - reading disabilities
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84948844641&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1177/0022219414522706
DO - 10.1177/0022219414522706
M3 - Article
C2 - 24596111
SN - 0022-2194
VL - 49
SP - 21
EP - 35
JO - Journal of Learning Disabilities
JF - Journal of Learning Disabilities
IS - 1
ER -