Changes in naïve and memory T-cells in elite swimmers during a winter training season

Ana Maria Teixeira; Luís Rama; Humberto M. Carvalho; Grasiely Borges; Tiago Carvalheiro; Michael Gleeson; Francisco Alves; Hélder Trindade; Artur Paiva

doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2014.01.002

Changes in naïve and memory T-cells in elite swimmers during a winter training season

Ana Maria Teixeira, Luís Rama, Humberto M. Carvalho, Grasiely Borges, Tiago Carvalheiro, Michael Gleeson, Francisco Alves, Hélder Trindade, Artur Paiva

Onderzoeksoutput: Bijdrage aan tijdschrift › Artikel › peer review

19 Citaten (Scopus)

Samenvatting

High intensity training regimens appear to put athletes at a higher risk of illness. As these have been linked to alterations in the proportions of differentiated T cells, how training load affects these populations could have important implications for athlete susceptibility to disease. This study examined the effect of a winter training season on the proportions of circulating naïve and memory T cells subsets of high competitive level swimmers.Blood samples were taken at rest at 4 time-points during the season: before the start of the season (t0-September), after 7. weeks of an initial period of gradually increasing training load (t1-November), after 6. weeks of an intense training cycle (t2-February) and 48. h after the main competition (t3-April) and from eleven non-athlete controls at 2 similar time-points (t2 and t3).CD4, CD8 and gamma-delta (γδ) T cells expressing the naïve (CCR7⁺CD45RA⁺), central-memory (CM-CCR7⁺CD45RA^-), effector-memory (EM-CCR7^-CD45RA^-) and terminal effector (TEMRA-CCR7^-CD45RA⁺) were quantified by flow cytometry. Statistical analyses were performed using multilevel modeling regression.Both T CD4⁺ naïve and CM presented a linear increase in response to the first moment of training exposure, and had an exponential decrease until the end of the training exposure. As for TCD4⁺ EM, changes were observed from t2 until the end of the training season with an exponential trend, while TCD4⁺ TEMRA increased linearly throughout the season. TCD8⁺ naïve increased at t1 and decreased exponentially thereafter. TCD8⁺ TEMRA values decreased at t1 and increased exponentially until t3. γδT-EM had an increase at t1 and an exponential decrease afterwards. In contrast, γδT-TEMRA decreased at t1 and exponentially increased during the remaining 20weeks of training.An increase in TEMRA and EM T cells alongside a decrease in naïve T cells could leave athletes more susceptible to illness in response to variation in training stimulus during the season.

Originele taal-2	Engels
Pagina's (van-tot)	186-193
Aantal pagina's	8
Tijdschrift	Brain, behavior, and immunity
Volume	39
DOI's	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2014.01.002
Status	Gepubliceerd - jul. 2014
Extern gepubliceerd	Ja

Toegang tot document

10.1016/j.bbi.2014.01.002

Citeer dit

@article{e62edab884d747a69877eeb1c33b9839,

title = "Changes in na{\"i}ve and memory T-cells in elite swimmers during a winter training season",

abstract = "High intensity training regimens appear to put athletes at a higher risk of illness. As these have been linked to alterations in the proportions of differentiated T cells, how training load affects these populations could have important implications for athlete susceptibility to disease. This study examined the effect of a winter training season on the proportions of circulating na{\"i}ve and memory T cells subsets of high competitive level swimmers.Blood samples were taken at rest at 4 time-points during the season: before the start of the season (t0-September), after 7. weeks of an initial period of gradually increasing training load (t1-November), after 6. weeks of an intense training cycle (t2-February) and 48. h after the main competition (t3-April) and from eleven non-athlete controls at 2 similar time-points (t2 and t3).CD4, CD8 and gamma-delta (γδ) T cells expressing the na{\"i}ve (CCR7+CD45RA+), central-memory (CM-CCR7+CD45RA-), effector-memory (EM-CCR7-CD45RA-) and terminal effector (TEMRA-CCR7-CD45RA+) were quantified by flow cytometry. Statistical analyses were performed using multilevel modeling regression.Both T CD4+ na{\"i}ve and CM presented a linear increase in response to the first moment of training exposure, and had an exponential decrease until the end of the training exposure. As for TCD4+ EM, changes were observed from t2 until the end of the training season with an exponential trend, while TCD4+ TEMRA increased linearly throughout the season. TCD8+ na{\"i}ve increased at t1 and decreased exponentially thereafter. TCD8+ TEMRA values decreased at t1 and increased exponentially until t3. γδT-EM had an increase at t1 and an exponential decrease afterwards. In contrast, γδT-TEMRA decreased at t1 and exponentially increased during the remaining 20weeks of training.An increase in TEMRA and EM T cells alongside a decrease in na{\"i}ve T cells could leave athletes more susceptible to illness in response to variation in training stimulus during the season.",

keywords = "Adolescent, Adult, Athletes, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology, Female, Humans, Immunologic Memory, Male, Swimming/physiology, T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology, Young Adult",

author = "Teixeira, {Ana Maria} and Lu{\'i}s Rama and Carvalho, {Humberto M.} and Grasiely Borges and Tiago Carvalheiro and Michael Gleeson and Francisco Alves and H{\'e}lder Trindade and Artur Paiva",

note = "Funding Information: We wish to thank F{\'a}tima Rosado for her help in sample collection. This work was supported by grant PTDC/DES/68647/2006 from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) .",

year = "2014",

month = jul,

doi = "10.1016/j.bbi.2014.01.002",

language = "English",

volume = "39",

pages = "186--193",

journal = "Brain, behavior, and immunity",

issn = "0889-1591",

publisher = "Academic Press Inc.",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Changes in naïve and memory T-cells in elite swimmers during a winter training season

AU - Teixeira, Ana Maria

AU - Rama, Luís

AU - Carvalho, Humberto M.

AU - Borges, Grasiely

AU - Carvalheiro, Tiago

AU - Gleeson, Michael

AU - Alves, Francisco

AU - Trindade, Hélder

AU - Paiva, Artur

N1 - Funding Information: We wish to thank Fátima Rosado for her help in sample collection. This work was supported by grant PTDC/DES/68647/2006 from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) .

PY - 2014/7

Y1 - 2014/7

N2 - High intensity training regimens appear to put athletes at a higher risk of illness. As these have been linked to alterations in the proportions of differentiated T cells, how training load affects these populations could have important implications for athlete susceptibility to disease. This study examined the effect of a winter training season on the proportions of circulating naïve and memory T cells subsets of high competitive level swimmers.Blood samples were taken at rest at 4 time-points during the season: before the start of the season (t0-September), after 7. weeks of an initial period of gradually increasing training load (t1-November), after 6. weeks of an intense training cycle (t2-February) and 48. h after the main competition (t3-April) and from eleven non-athlete controls at 2 similar time-points (t2 and t3).CD4, CD8 and gamma-delta (γδ) T cells expressing the naïve (CCR7+CD45RA+), central-memory (CM-CCR7+CD45RA-), effector-memory (EM-CCR7-CD45RA-) and terminal effector (TEMRA-CCR7-CD45RA+) were quantified by flow cytometry. Statistical analyses were performed using multilevel modeling regression.Both T CD4+ naïve and CM presented a linear increase in response to the first moment of training exposure, and had an exponential decrease until the end of the training exposure. As for TCD4+ EM, changes were observed from t2 until the end of the training season with an exponential trend, while TCD4+ TEMRA increased linearly throughout the season. TCD8+ naïve increased at t1 and decreased exponentially thereafter. TCD8+ TEMRA values decreased at t1 and increased exponentially until t3. γδT-EM had an increase at t1 and an exponential decrease afterwards. In contrast, γδT-TEMRA decreased at t1 and exponentially increased during the remaining 20weeks of training.An increase in TEMRA and EM T cells alongside a decrease in naïve T cells could leave athletes more susceptible to illness in response to variation in training stimulus during the season.

AB - High intensity training regimens appear to put athletes at a higher risk of illness. As these have been linked to alterations in the proportions of differentiated T cells, how training load affects these populations could have important implications for athlete susceptibility to disease. This study examined the effect of a winter training season on the proportions of circulating naïve and memory T cells subsets of high competitive level swimmers.Blood samples were taken at rest at 4 time-points during the season: before the start of the season (t0-September), after 7. weeks of an initial period of gradually increasing training load (t1-November), after 6. weeks of an intense training cycle (t2-February) and 48. h after the main competition (t3-April) and from eleven non-athlete controls at 2 similar time-points (t2 and t3).CD4, CD8 and gamma-delta (γδ) T cells expressing the naïve (CCR7+CD45RA+), central-memory (CM-CCR7+CD45RA-), effector-memory (EM-CCR7-CD45RA-) and terminal effector (TEMRA-CCR7-CD45RA+) were quantified by flow cytometry. Statistical analyses were performed using multilevel modeling regression.Both T CD4+ naïve and CM presented a linear increase in response to the first moment of training exposure, and had an exponential decrease until the end of the training exposure. As for TCD4+ EM, changes were observed from t2 until the end of the training season with an exponential trend, while TCD4+ TEMRA increased linearly throughout the season. TCD8+ naïve increased at t1 and decreased exponentially thereafter. TCD8+ TEMRA values decreased at t1 and increased exponentially until t3. γδT-EM had an increase at t1 and an exponential decrease afterwards. In contrast, γδT-TEMRA decreased at t1 and exponentially increased during the remaining 20weeks of training.An increase in TEMRA and EM T cells alongside a decrease in naïve T cells could leave athletes more susceptible to illness in response to variation in training stimulus during the season.

KW - Adolescent

KW - Adult

KW - Athletes

KW - CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology

KW - CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology

KW - Female

KW - Humans

KW - Immunologic Memory

KW - Male

KW - Swimming/physiology

KW - T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology

KW - Young Adult

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84902315800&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.01.002

DO - 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.01.002

M3 - Article

C2 - 24412212

SN - 0889-1591

VL - 39

SP - 186

EP - 193

JO - Brain, behavior, and immunity

JF - Brain, behavior, and immunity

ER -

Changes in naïve and memory T-cells in elite swimmers during a winter training season

Samenvatting

Toegang tot document

Vingerafdruk

Citeer dit