TY - JOUR
T1 - Emerging approaches to enhance human brain organoid physiology
AU - Pagliaro, Anna
AU - Artegiani, Benedetta
AU - Hendriks, Delilah
N1 - Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
PY - 2025
Y1 - 2025
N2 - Brain organoids are important 3D models for studying human brain development, disease, and evolution. To overcome some of the existing limitations that affect organoid quality, reproducibility, characteristics, and in vivo resemblance, current efforts are directed to improve their physiological relevance by exploring different, yet interconnected, routes. In this review, these approaches and their latest developments are discussed, including stem cell optimization, refining morphogen administration strategies, altering the extracellular matrix (ECM) niche, and manipulating tissue architecture to mimic in vivo brain morphogenesis. Additionally, strategies to increase cell diversity and enhance organoid maturation, such as establishing co-cultures, assembloids, and organoid in vivo xenotransplantation, are reviewed. We explore how these various factors can be tuned and intermingled and speculate on future avenues towards even more physiologically-advanced brain organoids.
AB - Brain organoids are important 3D models for studying human brain development, disease, and evolution. To overcome some of the existing limitations that affect organoid quality, reproducibility, characteristics, and in vivo resemblance, current efforts are directed to improve their physiological relevance by exploring different, yet interconnected, routes. In this review, these approaches and their latest developments are discussed, including stem cell optimization, refining morphogen administration strategies, altering the extracellular matrix (ECM) niche, and manipulating tissue architecture to mimic in vivo brain morphogenesis. Additionally, strategies to increase cell diversity and enhance organoid maturation, such as establishing co-cultures, assembloids, and organoid in vivo xenotransplantation, are reviewed. We explore how these various factors can be tuned and intermingled and speculate on future avenues towards even more physiologically-advanced brain organoids.
KW - ECM
KW - assembloids
KW - brain organoids
KW - cell specification
KW - morphogen signaling
KW - tissue architecture
UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/07c0d1b8-07d7-36a1-94fe-756ec73f32cf/
U2 - 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.12.001
DO - 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.12.001
M3 - Article
C2 - 39826996
SN - 0962-8924
JO - Trends in cell biology
JF - Trends in cell biology
ER -