TY - JOUR
T1 - Gut Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer
T2 - Associations, Mechanisms, and Clinical Approaches
AU - Pleguezuelos-Manzano, Cayetano
AU - Puschhof, Jens
AU - Clevers, Hans
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by Annual Reviews.
PY - 2022/4
Y1 - 2022/4
N2 - Colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with the presence of particular gut microbes, as observed in many metagenomic studies to date. However, in most cases, it remains difficult to disentangle their active contribution to CRC from just a bystander role. This review focuses on the mechanisms described to date by which the CRC-associated microbiota could contribute to CRC. Bacteria like pks+ Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium nucleatum, or enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis have been shown to induce mutagenesis, alter host epithelial signaling pathways, or reshape the tumor immune landscape in several experimental systems. The mechanistic roles of other bacteria, as well as newly identified fungi and viruses that are enriched in CRC, are only starting to be elucidated. Additionally, novel systems like organoids and organs-on-a-chip are emerging as powerful tools to study the direct effect of gut microbiota on healthy or tumor intestinal epithelium. Thus, the expanding knowledge of tumor-microbiota interactions holds promise for improved diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
AB - Colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with the presence of particular gut microbes, as observed in many metagenomic studies to date. However, in most cases, it remains difficult to disentangle their active contribution to CRC from just a bystander role. This review focuses on the mechanisms described to date by which the CRC-associated microbiota could contribute to CRC. Bacteria like pks+ Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium nucleatum, or enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis have been shown to induce mutagenesis, alter host epithelial signaling pathways, or reshape the tumor immune landscape in several experimental systems. The mechanistic roles of other bacteria, as well as newly identified fungi and viruses that are enriched in CRC, are only starting to be elucidated. Additionally, novel systems like organoids and organs-on-a-chip are emerging as powerful tools to study the direct effect of gut microbiota on healthy or tumor intestinal epithelium. Thus, the expanding knowledge of tumor-microbiota interactions holds promise for improved diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
KW - clinical translation
KW - colorectal cancer
KW - gut microbiota
KW - organoids
KW - organs-on-a-chip
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85129974970&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/8a0d881a-c332-3530-afe0-b14a79d0c50e/
U2 - 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-070120-095211
DO - 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-070120-095211
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85129974970
VL - 6
SP - 65
EP - 84
JO - Annual review of cancer biology
JF - Annual review of cancer biology
SN - 2472-3428
ER -