@article{c0de6a86cc2a4bbf84ba293a8a9de857,
title = "Human growth-differentiation factor 3 (hGDF3): developmental regulation in human teratocarcinoma cell lines and expression in primary testicular germ cell tumours",
abstract = "We describe the cloning and initial characterization of a novel cDNA from human embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells. This cDNA, which we named human growth differentiation factor 3 (hGDF3), encodes the homologue of mouse GDF3, a TGFbeta superfamily member belonging to the Growth/Differentiation Factors. We have analysed the expression of hGDF3 in human embryonal carcinoma cell lines and in primary testicular germ cell tumours of adolescents and adults (TGCTs). Expression of hGDF3 in human EC cell lines is stem cell-specific, is down-regulated upon RA-mediated differentiation and is increased upon culture of the cells in the presence of activin A. In TGCTs, hGDF3 expression is low in seminomas, while expression in non-seminomas is readily detectable and appears to be associated with the EC and yolk sac components in the tumours. We have also mapped the hGDF3 locus to the short arm of human chromosome 12, a region consistently overrepresented in human testicular germ cell tumours. Thus, hGDF3 represents an embryonal carcinoma stem cell-associated marker both in vitro and in vivo.",
keywords = "Activins, Amino Acid Sequence, Base Sequence, DNA Fragmentation, DNA, Complementary, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects, Growth Differentiation Factor 3, Growth Substances/genetics, Humans, Inhibins/pharmacology, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Male, Molecular Sequence Data, RNA, Messenger/genetics, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Teratoma/genetics, Testicular Neoplasms/genetics, Tretinoin/pharmacology, Tumor Cells, Cultured",
author = "Caricasole, {A A} and {van Schaik}, {R H} and Zeinstra, {L M} and Wierikx, {C D} and {van Gurp}, {R J} and {van den Pol}, M and Looijenga, {L H} and Oosterhuis, {J W} and Pera, {M F} and A Ward and {de Bruijn}, D and P Kramer and {de Jong}, {F H} and {van den Eijnden-van Raaij}, {A J}",
note = "Funding Information: We would like to thank Annemeike Verkerk and Tanya van Achtenberg for excellent assistance, Johan de Winter and Christine Mummery for useful discussion and critical reading of the manuscript, Dr Olli Ritvos and Dr K Hilden, University of Helsinki, for providing K562 cell RNA blots and Dr de Waele for the gift of purified, recombinant activin. Thanks to Prof EJ van Zoelen for the design of Figure 11. This work was funded by the Dutch Cancer Society (KWF) grant IKMN-92-75.",
year = "1998",
month = jan,
day = "8",
doi = "10.1038/sj.onc.1201515",
language = "English",
volume = "16",
pages = "95--103",
journal = "Oncogene",
issn = "0950-9232",
publisher = "Springer Nature",
number = "1",
}