TY - JOUR
T1 - Modulation of glutamine metabolism by the PI(3)K-PKB-FOXO network regulates autophagy
AU - Van Der Vos, Kristan E.
AU - Eliasson, Pernilla
AU - Proikas-Cezanne, Tassula
AU - Vervoort, Stephin J.
AU - Van Boxtel, Ruben
AU - Putker, Marrit
AU - Van Zutphen, Iris J.
AU - Mauthe, Mario
AU - Zellmer, Sebastian
AU - Pals, Cornelieke
AU - Verhagen, Liesbeth P.
AU - Koerkamp, Marian J.A.Groot
AU - Koen Braat, A.
AU - Dansen, Tobias B.
AU - Holstege, Frank C.
AU - Gebhardt, Rolf
AU - Burgering, Boudewijn M.
AU - Coffer, Paul J.
PY - 2012/8
Y1 - 2012/8
N2 - The PI(3)K-PKB-FOXO signalling network provides a major intracellular hub for the regulation of cell proliferation, survival and stress resistance. Here we report an unexpected role for FOXO transcription factors in regulating autophagy by modulating intracellular glutamine levels. To identify transcriptional targets of this network, we performed global transcriptional analyses after conditional activation of the key components PI(3)K, PKB/Akt, FOXO3 and FOXO4. Using this pathway approach, we identified glutamine synthetase as being transcriptionally regulated by PI(3)K-PKB-FOXO signalling. Conditional activation of FOXO also led to an increased level of glutamine production. FOXO activation resulted in mTOR inhibition by preventing the translocation of mTOR to lysosomal membranes in a glutamine-synthetase-dependent manner. This resulted in an increased level of autophagy as measured by LC3 lipidation, p62 degradation and fluorescent imaging of multiple autophagosomal markers. Inhibition of FOXO3-mediated autophagy increased the level of apoptosis, suggesting that the induction of autophagy by FOXO3-mediated glutamine synthetase expression is important for cellular survival. These findings reveal a growth-factor-responsive network that can directly modulate autophagy through the regulation of glutamine metabolism.
AB - The PI(3)K-PKB-FOXO signalling network provides a major intracellular hub for the regulation of cell proliferation, survival and stress resistance. Here we report an unexpected role for FOXO transcription factors in regulating autophagy by modulating intracellular glutamine levels. To identify transcriptional targets of this network, we performed global transcriptional analyses after conditional activation of the key components PI(3)K, PKB/Akt, FOXO3 and FOXO4. Using this pathway approach, we identified glutamine synthetase as being transcriptionally regulated by PI(3)K-PKB-FOXO signalling. Conditional activation of FOXO also led to an increased level of glutamine production. FOXO activation resulted in mTOR inhibition by preventing the translocation of mTOR to lysosomal membranes in a glutamine-synthetase-dependent manner. This resulted in an increased level of autophagy as measured by LC3 lipidation, p62 degradation and fluorescent imaging of multiple autophagosomal markers. Inhibition of FOXO3-mediated autophagy increased the level of apoptosis, suggesting that the induction of autophagy by FOXO3-mediated glutamine synthetase expression is important for cellular survival. These findings reveal a growth-factor-responsive network that can directly modulate autophagy through the regulation of glutamine metabolism.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84864878724&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/ncb2536
DO - 10.1038/ncb2536
M3 - Article
C2 - 22820375
AN - SCOPUS:84864878724
SN - 1465-7392
VL - 14
SP - 829
EP - 837
JO - Nature Cell Biology
JF - Nature Cell Biology
IS - 8
ER -