Pharmacokinetic comparison of two methods of heroin smoking: 'Chasing the dragon' versus the use of a heating device

Marjolein G. Klous; Alwin D.R. Huitema; Elisabeth J. Rook; Michel J.X. Hillebrand; Vincent M. Hendriks; Wim Van Den Brink; Jos H. Beijnen; Jan M. Van Ree

doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2004.12.001

Pharmacokinetic comparison of two methods of heroin smoking: 'Chasing the dragon' versus the use of a heating device

Marjolein G. Klous, Alwin D.R. Huitema, Elisabeth J. Rook, Michel J.X. Hillebrand, Vincent M. Hendriks, Wim Van Den Brink, Jos H. Beijnen, Jan M. Van Ree

Onderzoeksoutput: Bijdrage aan tijdschrift › Artikel › peer review

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In preparation for a trial on co-prescription of inhalable heroin and methadone, two methods for inhalation of heroin/caffeine tablets were compared: the commonly used method of 'chasing the dragon' and a standardised procedure for inhalation of volatilised heroin, using a heating device. Five male addicts inhaled a tablet of smokable heroin daily for 5 days, alternating the inhalation method. Plasma concentrations of heroin, 6-acetylmorphine, morphine and morphine-3- and -6-glucuronide were determined using a liquid chromatography method with tandem mass spectrometric detection. The exposure to heroin and its metabolites (expressed as areas under the concentration-time curve) was significantly lower after smoking via the heating device than after 'chasing the dragon': heroin 80% and 6-acetylmorphine 73% lower (p<0.05). Maximal concentrations of heroin and 6-acetylmorphine were also 80% and 70% lower (p<0.05) after using the heating device. 'Chasing the dragon' is a more efficient inhalation method than inhalation via the heating device.

Originele taal-2	Engels
Pagina's (van-tot)	263-269
Aantal pagina's	7
Tijdschrift	European Neuropsychopharmacology
Volume	15
Nummer van het tijdschrift	3
DOI's	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2004.12.001
Status	Gepubliceerd - mei 2005
Extern gepubliceerd	Ja

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@article{cb1b923e4f9643b38d2fbf0162283c6c,

title = "Pharmacokinetic comparison of two methods of heroin smoking: 'Chasing the dragon' versus the use of a heating device",

abstract = "In preparation for a trial on co-prescription of inhalable heroin and methadone, two methods for inhalation of heroin/caffeine tablets were compared: the commonly used method of 'chasing the dragon' and a standardised procedure for inhalation of volatilised heroin, using a heating device. Five male addicts inhaled a tablet of smokable heroin daily for 5 days, alternating the inhalation method. Plasma concentrations of heroin, 6-acetylmorphine, morphine and morphine-3- and -6-glucuronide were determined using a liquid chromatography method with tandem mass spectrometric detection. The exposure to heroin and its metabolites (expressed as areas under the concentration-time curve) was significantly lower after smoking via the heating device than after 'chasing the dragon': heroin 80% and 6-acetylmorphine 73% lower (p<0.05). Maximal concentrations of heroin and 6-acetylmorphine were also 80% and 70% lower (p<0.05) after using the heating device. 'Chasing the dragon' is a more efficient inhalation method than inhalation via the heating device.",

keywords = "Chasing the dragon, Heroin, Inhalation, Pharmacokinetics, Smoking",

author = "Klous, {Marjolein G.} and Huitema, {Alwin D.R.} and Rook, {Elisabeth J.} and Hillebrand, {Michel J.X.} and Hendriks, {Vincent M.} and {Van Den Brink}, Wim and Beijnen, {Jos H.} and {Van Ree}, {Jan M.}",

note = "Funding Information: This research was supported by the Central Committee on the Treatment of Heroin Addicts (Utrecht, The Netherlands ( www.ccbh.nl )) and the Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Sports (The Hague, The Netherlands).",

year = "2005",

month = may,

doi = "10.1016/j.euroneuro.2004.12.001",

language = "English",

volume = "15",

pages = "263--269",

journal = "European Neuropsychopharmacology",

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T1 - Pharmacokinetic comparison of two methods of heroin smoking

T2 - 'Chasing the dragon' versus the use of a heating device

AU - Klous, Marjolein G.

AU - Huitema, Alwin D.R.

AU - Rook, Elisabeth J.

AU - Hillebrand, Michel J.X.

AU - Hendriks, Vincent M.

AU - Van Den Brink, Wim

AU - Beijnen, Jos H.

AU - Van Ree, Jan M.

N1 - Funding Information: This research was supported by the Central Committee on the Treatment of Heroin Addicts (Utrecht, The Netherlands ( www.ccbh.nl )) and the Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Sports (The Hague, The Netherlands).

PY - 2005/5

Y1 - 2005/5

N2 - In preparation for a trial on co-prescription of inhalable heroin and methadone, two methods for inhalation of heroin/caffeine tablets were compared: the commonly used method of 'chasing the dragon' and a standardised procedure for inhalation of volatilised heroin, using a heating device. Five male addicts inhaled a tablet of smokable heroin daily for 5 days, alternating the inhalation method. Plasma concentrations of heroin, 6-acetylmorphine, morphine and morphine-3- and -6-glucuronide were determined using a liquid chromatography method with tandem mass spectrometric detection. The exposure to heroin and its metabolites (expressed as areas under the concentration-time curve) was significantly lower after smoking via the heating device than after 'chasing the dragon': heroin 80% and 6-acetylmorphine 73% lower (p<0.05). Maximal concentrations of heroin and 6-acetylmorphine were also 80% and 70% lower (p<0.05) after using the heating device. 'Chasing the dragon' is a more efficient inhalation method than inhalation via the heating device.

AB - In preparation for a trial on co-prescription of inhalable heroin and methadone, two methods for inhalation of heroin/caffeine tablets were compared: the commonly used method of 'chasing the dragon' and a standardised procedure for inhalation of volatilised heroin, using a heating device. Five male addicts inhaled a tablet of smokable heroin daily for 5 days, alternating the inhalation method. Plasma concentrations of heroin, 6-acetylmorphine, morphine and morphine-3- and -6-glucuronide were determined using a liquid chromatography method with tandem mass spectrometric detection. The exposure to heroin and its metabolites (expressed as areas under the concentration-time curve) was significantly lower after smoking via the heating device than after 'chasing the dragon': heroin 80% and 6-acetylmorphine 73% lower (p<0.05). Maximal concentrations of heroin and 6-acetylmorphine were also 80% and 70% lower (p<0.05) after using the heating device. 'Chasing the dragon' is a more efficient inhalation method than inhalation via the heating device.

KW - Chasing the dragon

KW - Heroin

KW - Inhalation

KW - Pharmacokinetics

KW - Smoking

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Pharmacokinetic comparison of two methods of heroin smoking: 'Chasing the dragon' versus the use of a heating device

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