Sleep disorders and the hypothalamus

Sebastiaan Overeem, Raphaële R.L. van Litsenburg, Paul J. Reading

Onderzoeksoutput: Hoofdstuk in Boek/Rapport/CongresprocedureHoofdstukpeer review

9 Citaten (Scopus)

Samenvatting

As early as the 1920s, pathological studies of encephalitis lethargica allowed Von Economo to correctly identify hypothalamic damage as crucial for the profound associated sleep-related symptoms that helped define the condition. Only over the last 3 decades, however, has the key role of the hypothalamus in sleep–wake regulation become increasingly recognized. As a consequence, a close relation between abnormal sleep symptomatology and hypothalamic pathology is now widely accepted for a variety of medical disorders. Narcolepsy is discussed in some detail as the cardinal primary sleep disorder that is caused directly and specifically by hypothalamic pathology, most notably destruction of hypocretin (orexin)-containing neurons. Thereafter, various conditions are described that most likely result from hypothalamic damage, in part at least, producing a clinical picture resembling (symptomatic) narcolepsy. Kleine–Levin syndrome is a rare primary sleep disorder with intermittent symptoms, highly suggestive of hypothalamic involvement but probably reflecting a wider pathophysiology. ROHHAD (rapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysregulation) and Prader–Willi syndrome are also covered as hypothalamic syndromes with prominent sleep-related symptoms. Finally, sleep issues in several endocrine disorders are briefly discussed.

Originele taal-2Engels
TitelHandbook of Clinical Neurology
UitgeverijElsevier B.V.
Pagina's369-385
Aantal pagina's17
DOI's
StatusGepubliceerd - jan. 2021

Publicatie series

NaamHandbook of Clinical Neurology
Volume182
ISSN van geprinte versie0072-9752
ISSN van elektronische versie2212-4152

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