TY - JOUR
T1 - Systemic toxicity and cytokine/acute phase protein levels in patients after isolated limb perfusion with tumor necrosis factor-α complicated by high leakage
AU - Stam, Tanja C.
AU - Swaak, Anton J.G.
AU - De Vries, Mark R.
AU - Ten Hagen, Timo L.M.
AU - Eggermont, Alexander M.M.
PY - 2000/5
Y1 - 2000/5
N2 - Background: Since the introduction of high-dose tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) in the setting of isolated limb perfusion (ILP) in the clinic, prevention of leakage to the body of the patient is monitored with great precision for fear of TNF-mediated toxicity. That we observed remarkably little toxicity in patients with and without leakage prompted us to determine patterns of cytokines and acute phase proteins in patients with high leakage and in patients without any leakage. Methods: TNFα, interleukin (IL)-6, IL- 8, C-reactive protein, and secretory (s)-phospholipase A2 were measured at several time points during and after (until 7 days) ILP in 10 patients with a leakage to the systemic circulation varying in percentage from 12% to 65%. As a control, the same measurements, both in peripheral blood and in perfusate, were performed in nine patients without systemic leakage. Results: In patients with systemic leakage, levels of TNFα increased during ILP, reaching values to 277 ng/ml. IL-6 and IL-8 peaked 3 hours after ILP with values significantly higher compared with patients without systemic leakage. C-reactive protein and s-phospholipase A2 peaked at day 1 in both patient groups, s-phospholipase A2 with significant higher levels and C-reactive protein, in contrast, with lower levels in the leakage patients. Conclusions: High leakage of TNFα to the systemic circulation, caused by a complicated ILP, led to 10-fold to more than 100-fold increased levels of TNFα, IL-6, and IL-8 in comparison with patients without leakage. The increase of the acute phase proteins was limited. Even when high leakage occurs, this procedure should not lead to fatal complications. The most prominent clinical toxicity was hypotension (grade III in four patients), which was easily corrected. No pulmonary or renal toxicity was observed in any patient. It is our experience that, even in the rare event of significant leakage during a TNFα-based ILP, postoperative toxicity is usually mild and can be easily managed by the use of fluid and, in some cases, vasopressors.
AB - Background: Since the introduction of high-dose tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) in the setting of isolated limb perfusion (ILP) in the clinic, prevention of leakage to the body of the patient is monitored with great precision for fear of TNF-mediated toxicity. That we observed remarkably little toxicity in patients with and without leakage prompted us to determine patterns of cytokines and acute phase proteins in patients with high leakage and in patients without any leakage. Methods: TNFα, interleukin (IL)-6, IL- 8, C-reactive protein, and secretory (s)-phospholipase A2 were measured at several time points during and after (until 7 days) ILP in 10 patients with a leakage to the systemic circulation varying in percentage from 12% to 65%. As a control, the same measurements, both in peripheral blood and in perfusate, were performed in nine patients without systemic leakage. Results: In patients with systemic leakage, levels of TNFα increased during ILP, reaching values to 277 ng/ml. IL-6 and IL-8 peaked 3 hours after ILP with values significantly higher compared with patients without systemic leakage. C-reactive protein and s-phospholipase A2 peaked at day 1 in both patient groups, s-phospholipase A2 with significant higher levels and C-reactive protein, in contrast, with lower levels in the leakage patients. Conclusions: High leakage of TNFα to the systemic circulation, caused by a complicated ILP, led to 10-fold to more than 100-fold increased levels of TNFα, IL-6, and IL-8 in comparison with patients without leakage. The increase of the acute phase proteins was limited. Even when high leakage occurs, this procedure should not lead to fatal complications. The most prominent clinical toxicity was hypotension (grade III in four patients), which was easily corrected. No pulmonary or renal toxicity was observed in any patient. It is our experience that, even in the rare event of significant leakage during a TNFα-based ILP, postoperative toxicity is usually mild and can be easily managed by the use of fluid and, in some cases, vasopressors.
KW - Acute phase response
KW - Isolated limb perfusion
KW - Leakage
KW - Secondary cytokine response
KW - TNFα
KW - Toxicity
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0034127198&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s10434-000-0268-6
DO - 10.1007/s10434-000-0268-6
M3 - Article
C2 - 10819366
AN - SCOPUS:0034127198
SN - 1068-9265
VL - 7
SP - 268
EP - 275
JO - Annals of Surgical Oncology
JF - Annals of Surgical Oncology
IS - 4
ER -